EXSOD

EXSOD
Water Production: Desalination, Purification, and Reclamation

Ex-Situ Scale Observation Detector (EXSOD), Patent Pending

General Description and Licensing Contact Information

Michal Uchymiak, Anditya Rahardianto, Eric Lyster, Julius Glater, Yoram Cohen, A novel RO ex situ scale observation detector (EXSOD) for mineral scale characterization and early detection, Journal of Membrane Science 291 (2007) 86–95

Video Clips of Gypsum scale formation and removal:

	Development of gypsum scale (surface crystallization regime)
	Development of gypsum scale (surface and bulk crystallization)
	Development of gypsum scale and removal of surface scale by reducing solution saturation conditions

Illustration of a laboratory diagnostic detection of gypsum scale formation (SI_gand SI_gm are the saturation indices of gypsum in the feed solution and at the membrane surface, respectively). Conditions at both experiments (above and below) were set to accelerate the scaling process)

Early gypsum crystal detection (SI_g=0.77, SI_gm=1.87)

(B)

Illustration of the dynamics of crystal scale growth on an RO membrane. (a) crystal size (left) and (b) number of surface crystals (right).

Illustration of mineral salt scaling and dissolution. Scaling occurs when the solution is supersaturated near and at the membrane surface. Dissolution occurs when the solution supersaturation level is reduced.

Sequence of images showing gypsum crystal formation (images 1-4) and partial dissolution
(upon exposure to a solution of reduced level of supersaturation; images 4-6).

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